What is token economy?
What will be an ideal response?
Token economies are one of the many applications of behavioral theory to treatment. Token economies employ the principles of operant conditioning and are used to increase the frequency of desirable behaviors. When a desired behavior occurs, some "token" is given that may then be exchanged for something of value to the patient.
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Marriage researcher John Gottman suggested the avoidance style of conflict is used by some individuals:
a. as a reaction to a rapidly decreasing blood pressure. b. to irritate their partners. c. to calm their partners. d. as a reaction to a rapidly increasing blood pressure.
A major disadvantage of cross-sectional research is that
A) age-related changes cannot be examined. B) participants often drop out before the study is over. C) factors affecting individual development cannot be explored. D) practice effects often cause biased findings.