Declining cost industries
a. have upward rising AC curves.
b. have upward rising demand curves.
c. have ?-shaped total costs.
d. have diseconomies of scale.
e. have marginal cost curves below their average cost curve.
e
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Technology spillover occurs when
a. a firm passes the high costs of technical research on to society through higher prices. b. a firm's research yields technical knowledge that is used by society as a whole. c. the government subsidizes firms engaged in high-tech research. d. copyright laws prohibit firms from profiting from the research of others.
The goal of industrial policy should be that
a. industries yielding the largest positive externalities should receive the biggest subsidies. b. any industry that produces negative externalities should be heavily taxed. c. any production process that produces negative externalities should be shut down. d. all industries that produce positive externalities should be equally subsidized.