The germinal period begins at conception and ends when the organism firmly attaches to the wall of the uterus

A toddler experimentally varies the way she handles a ball—first squeezing it, then throwing it—to learn what effect each variation has. This child is demonstrating

secondary circular reactions. primary circular reactions. quaternary circular reactions. tertiary circular reactions.

Metamemory research has shown that an individual's "feelings-of-knowing"

a. are not related to familiarity with the retrieval cue. b. can be fairly accurate. c. are no more accurate than would be expected by chance. d. are an example of intuition and a relatively unreliable sensation.