Which psychologist changed the view that participants must perform an operant response for learning to occur?

Tommy depends on his parents to pay his college tuition and in return he helps out on weekends at the family business. The word the text uses to capture the sense of give-and-take between Tommy and his parents is:

a. identify b. autonomy c. integrity d. reciprocity

High school class graduation rank is measured on a (an) scale

a. ordinal b. nominal c. ratio d. Likert e. interval