A patient with which of the following CPIS criteria should be placed on empiric antibiotic ther-apy pending the outcome of a bronchial alveolar lavage?
a. CPIS = 4
b. CPIS = 5
c. CPIS = 6
d. CPIS = 7
ANS: D
When all six criteria are used, a score >6 is considered evidence of the presence of VAP. It is generally accepted that measurements of the CPIS should be performed at the beginning of anti-biotic therapy and after 2-3 days to reevaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.
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A 25-year-old woman presents complaining of heavy vaginal bleeding accompanied by cramping abdominal pain and backache. She can't stop crying and reports that she is 11 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your physical exam reveals what appears to be the fetus and umbilical cord passing through the vaginal opening; however, the placenta has not been passed. Appropriate care for this patient
includes: A) clamping and cutting the umbilical cord, wrapping fetal material in linen, and providing emotional support for the patient. B) leaving the fetus untouched and transporting the patient in a position of comfort. C) oxygen, 1000 mL fluid bolus, and rapid transport. D) disposing of the fetal material in a biohazard bag, left lateral position, and providing emotional support for the patient.
What is the significance of “drilling”?