_____ are observable behaviors that do not necessarily have inherent meaning, but carry messages that are encoded during communication

Allport's idea of the proprium is most similar to the idea of:

A) possible selves. B) personal identity. C) self-esteem. D) the ideal self.

Researchers have found that older adolescent girls who feel close to their mothers see themselves as all of the following EXCEPT:

A) confident. B) impulsive. C) reasonable. D) wise.