What are some conditions that may cause a change to the PCWP waveform and how do they affect the waveform?

What will be an ideal response?

Increased PCWP measurements are often observed in conditions where partial obstruction or excessive blood flow is present in the left heart. The a wave of the PCWP waveform may be increased in conditions leading to higher resistance to left ventricular filling. Some examples are mitral valve stenosis, left ventricular hypervolemia or failure, and decreased left ventricular compliance. The v wave of the PCWP waveform may be increased due to mitral valve insufficiency. This condition leads to regurgitation (backward flow) of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium through the incompetent mitral valve.