When a popular president is up for reelection, fellow-party candidates are more likely to win Congressional races. This demonstrates the _____ effect

By averaging the responses of many participants, researchers who use group designs

a. hope that idiosyncratic sources of error variance will cancel out b. increase error variance in the data c. eliminate threats to internal validity d. can determine how most of the participants responded e. can replicate the effect of the independent variable across participants

Which of the following are the three steps of the federal budget process?

a. The president proposes a budget, Congress Rejects or revises through the appropriations process, the president approves all appropriations bills. b. Congress proposes a budget, the President rejects or revises through the appropriations process, the Congress approves all appropriations bills. c. The president proposes a budget, the supreme court determines if the budget is constitutional, the Congress then approves all appropriations bills. d. An election is held, the president approves appropriations, Congress rejects or revises the appropriations.