It has been found that if you're a good writer, you'll be a good public speaker, and if you're a poor writer, you'll be a poor speaker

The action that does NOT help a speaker develop confidence in speaking is

a. arriving early. b. reviewing speaking notes. c. looking at the audience and stating the first line of the speech. d. memorizing the speech.

A constitutive ______________ is seen as a "process that produces and reproduces shared meaning."

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).