As a treatment for the mentally ill, Pinel approved of ____ and argued effectively against the use of ____.
a. bloodletting; the use of punishment and exorcism
b. mild punishment; physical abuse
c. whirling in a chair; harsh punishment
d. bathing and mild purgatives; the use of punishment and exorcism
d. bathing and mild purgatives; the use of punishment and exorcism
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In an exploration of cultural differences regarding
temperament, researchers took four-day-old Chinese-American and European-American babies and did "something" to them. They found stark differences in the babies' reactions to this event. What was done to the babies? A) Their parents were removed from sight for 20 minutes. B) A piece of cloth was placed over their faces. C) They were shown different cartoon characters. D) They were deprived of their pacifiers.
Which of the following criteria helps to increase the effectiveness of punishment?
a. when it is swift b. when it is inconsistent c. when it is given with classical conditioning d. when it is vicarious e. when it uses physical discipline