Which statement best describes what E. E. Schattschneider meant by the claim that "political parties created democracy"?
A. Political parties mobilize majorities for the purpose of taking over government, which is the very definition of democracy.
B. Through party platform creation, political parties give democratic voters a clear idea of the kind of people they are electing to represent them.
C. In nominating candidates, political parties narrow voter choice and thus make an otherwise confusing democratic process understandable.
D. By organizing the election process, political parties make it possible for voters to go to the polls and vote, thereby maintaining democracy.
Answer: A
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Which test does not apply to the hypothesis that democracies have a better record of enhancing physical well-being than authoritarian political systems?
a. use infant mortality as their dependent variable and degree of democracy as the independent variable. b. use infant mortality as their independent variable and degree of democracy as the dependent variable. c. operationally define degree of democracy using Polity IV data. d. operationally define physical well-being using infant mortality rates.
An economic boom is a sign that ______.
a. a recession is occurring b. GDP is increasing c. interest rates will rise d. prices will drop e. demand is low