What types of distractions create the most impairment of short-term memory?
a) Distractions that affect the same sensory systems
b) Distractions that affect different sensory systems
c) Distractions that affect the opposite sensory systems
d) Distractions that affect all of the sensory systems
ANS: A, Distractions that affect the same sensory systems seem to create the most impairment. In other words, if you are listening to someone on your phone, while trying to listen to something on TV, you may have trouble remembering what was said on either. Listening to someone on the phone while folding your laundry, on the other hand, may not result in the same level of memory interference.
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Dr. McDonald uses only the testimonies of parents and teachers as support for his treatment of ADHD; this illustrates which warning sign of pseudoscience?
A) Exaggerated claims Incorrect. Dr. McDonald's claims that his treatment works are not necessarily exaggerated, but in this case they are only supported by anecdotal evidence coming from parents and teachers. B) Lack of self-correction C) Overreliance on anecdotes Correct. Overreliance on anecdotes involves ignoring large-scale studies and instead using testimonies from people who support the researcher's claim. D) Evasion of peer review
Piaget thought that __________ occurs when a stimulus or event is acted upon, perceived, and understood in accordance with existing patterns of thought
a) assimilation b) scheme c) accommodation d) learning