In the Gratz and Grutter cases, the Supreme Court
A) found a constitutional violation in the affirmative action plan of both the law school and the undergraduate university.
B) found a constitutional violation in the law school affirmative action plan.
C) found no constitutional violation.
D) upheld the affirmative action plan as practiced by the law school.
E) upheld the affirmative action plan as practiced by the undergraduate university.
D
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A 1998 decision by the Michigan Supreme Court ruled that a law prohibiting the shouting of profanity was an unconstitutional violation of freedom of speech rights because __________
a. any attempt to limit free speech is unconstitutional b. the court had been taken over by liberal activist judges c. the law was unevenly enforced d. the law did not provide guidance on what constituted profanity
In a survey, when a particular word in itself evokes s strong feeling, this is called
A) contingency. B) social desirability. C) full-filter. D) wording effect.