What is theory of mind? How does it develop and how can it be assessed in young children?
What will be an ideal response?
Theory of mind represents our beliefs regarding the way the mind operates. It appears
to develop rapidly between the ages of 3 and 5. It can be assessed in appearance -reality,
false belief, and reality tasks. For example, in the appearance-reality task, the researcher
makes the appearance of an object different than the reality. For instance, the researcher
may show the child a sponge, that is made to look like a rock. While very young
preschoolers may confuse appearance and reality, older children (e.g., 4 to 5), will say
the "rock" is really a sponge that is made up to look like a rock.
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In general, an individual's preferences for particular activities are rather unstable until
A) senior high school. B) early adulthood. C) junior high school. D) late elementary school.
On the day of the test, Eddie was very sleepy, while Petra was in a state of panic about the test. According to the arousal theory,
a. both Eddie and Petra will probably perform well on the test, since test-taking is not influenced by arousal levels. b. both Eddie and Petra will probably perform well since they are both functioning at their optimal arousal levels. c. both Eddie and Petra will probably perform poorly on the test, because his arousal is too low and hers is too high. d. Petra will probably perform well since she is focused, while Eddie will probably perform poorly due to a low arousal level.