If stress produces prolonged high levels of cortisol, the cortisol damages which brain area?

What is one reason that early reports of the effectiveness of psychosurgery were quite positive?

a) The low rate of success of psychoanalytic therapy made any treatment, even an ineffective one, seem good by comparison. b) The evaluations were often done by the surgeons themselves, who were impressed by reports from patients who were under local anesthesia. c) Family members were the primary source of such evaluations; they were often enthusiastic about the positive changes they observed in loved ones. d) Most of these patients were actually receiving psychotherapy and drug treatments simultaneously; thus there is no way to determine which treatment was responsible for any improvements.

According to research, which of the following features of social support is most closely linked to a buffering effect?

a. perception of the quality of support b. size of support network c. number of times that the person has been in contact with members of their support network d. availability of support from one's children