r2 = 45%, is this a small, medium, or large effect?

At about 12 months of age, infants ______

a. begin cooing c. say their first word b. begin babbling d. begin using intonation

In evaluating programs in which children are offered rewards (e.g., money, pizza) for reading books, a social psychologist might remind us that

a. rewards do not have an effect if children don't like reading in the first place. b. punishers are more effective than rewards where humans are concerned. c. rewards might convince children that they are reading simply to secure pizza or money. d. excessive rewards will undermine the children's self-esteem.