A limitation of the ________ model is that it does not specifically explain the mechanisms underlying the interactions.

Your alarm clock is set to wake you up two hours before you would normally arise. After a few days of this, you shut off your alarm clock and go to sleep. We would now expect to show

a. even less REM sleep than usual. b. more REM sleep than usual. c. no REM sleep. d. the same REM sleep as usual. e. only REM sleep.

Carl's wife of 56 years just died, yet he refuses to admit she is gone. Instead, he talks to her,

fixes meals for her, and generally acts as though she is still with him. Carl is using the defense mechanism of a. denial. b. resistance. c. avoidance. d. rejection.