Where did the concept of citizenship originate?

The Washington Consensus argued that LDCs needed to make all of following changes except:

a. raise non-tariff trade barriers to protect their nascent industries b. move towards the privatization of many of the SOEs c. implement tax reform to raise revenues d. allow the market to determine interest rates

The Electoral College system favors __________

a. centrists b. Democrats c. small states d. third parties