Which of the following are pathologic alterations found with emphysema?
1. Air trapping and hyperinflation
2. Mucus plugs
3. Decreased surface area for gas exchange
4. Weakened respiratory bronchioles
a. 1, 2
b. 2, 4
c. 1, 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
C
Patients with emphysema have weakened distal airways with permanent enlargement and destruction of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles. This results in hyperinflation, destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane, and decreased surface area available for gas exchange.
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A 21-year-old male has sustained a severe burn to his left leg while working on an industrial furnace. Coworkers immediately doused his flaming pants and removed them. Your primary assessment reveals no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. While performing the secondary assessment on his leg, what finding would be most critical?
A) Partial-thickness burn completely encircling the knee B) Pain described as "the worst I have ever felt" C) Blisters on the lower leg that are broken and draining fluid D) Skin on the posterior lower leg that is sloughing off
The most common histologic type of lung cancer is?
A) ?squamous cell carcinoma. B) ?small cell carcinoma. C) ?large cell carcinoma. D) ?adenocarcinoma.