Of the following cabinet members, who would have primary responsibility for foreign policy?

Bonyads are

a. people appointed to jobs in the old Soviet bureaucracy from a pre-existing list of government approved names. b. a collective, comprised of the heads of the various segments of the armed forces, which oversees policy decisions in some military governments. c. people in the Brazilian executive branch dedicated to the implementation of government policy. d. charitable organizations in Iran that work closely with the bureaucracy and control huge portions of the economy. e. government officials who rose through the ranks of the bureaucracy as experts in their field.

The migration of African Americans to northern cities that has occurred since World War II resulted in

A) the election of more African American public officials. B) a dramatic increase in the political power of southern cities. C) Ronald Reagan's failure to win key northern states in the 1984 presidential election. D) all of the above. E) fewer educational opportunities for minorities.