Name the term used for a preliminary off-line edit

The earliest of the Gospels was written

a. by John the Evangelist. b. at least forty years after the death of Jesus. c. by Paul. d. before the death of Jesus.

Drums in sub-Saharan Africa ________.

A. are usually played in groups of two to four B. are essential to many religious and political ceremonies C. come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and forms D. All answers are correct.