Using knowledge obtained through the scientific method to develop cohesive _____ can help us understand complex phenomena

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents

take a pause in identity formation that allows for exploration of alternatives. form their identity prematurely. have few commitments to goals or values and fail to take on any role. understand who they are as connected to everything they have learned.

The one-group pretest-posttest design is prone to which of the following threats to internal validity?

A. regression toward the mean B. maturation effects C. maturation effects and testing effects D. regression toward the mean, maturation effects, and testing effects