Wanda is obsessed with thinking about washing her hands and cannot stop these intrusive thoughts. This demonstrates which cognitive characteristic of OCD?

Which of the following circumstances would indicate the greatest level of heritability of a trait?

a. Francois performs as well in school as the siblings with whom he was raised, even though he was adopted and is not genetically related to them. b. D'artagnan prefers to watch movies on television, while his parents prefer to watch movies at a movie theater. c. Luigi and his siblings are all about the same height. d. Mario's results on a personality test are far more similar to his biological parents than they are to his adopted parents.

A conditioned reinforcer that is used in a token economy to increase desirable behavior is referred to as a(an):

a. backup reinforcer b. establishing operation c. token d. primary reinforcer