List and describe ways that adults in midlife can manage the stress associated with family, work, and the changes this period can bring
What will be an ideal response?
In order to cope with the stress of midlife, adults can apply the following strategies:
- Reevaluate the situation. Learn to differentiate normal reactions from those based on irrational beliefs.
- Focus on events you can control. Don't worry about things you cannot change or that may never happen; focus on strategies for handling events under your control.
- View life as fluid. Expect change and accept it as inevitable; then many unanticipated changes will have less emotional impact.
- Consider alternatives. Don't rush into action; think before you act.
- Set reasonable goals for yourself. Aim high, but be realistic about your capacities, motivation, and the situation.
- Exercise regularly. A physically fit person can better handle stress, both physically and emotionally.
- Master relaxation techniques. Relaxation helps refocus energies and reduce the physical discomfort of stress. Classes and self-help books teach these techniques.
- Use constructive approaches to anger reduction. Delay responding ("Let me check into that and get back to you"); use mentally distracting behaviors (counting to 10 backwards) and self-instruction (a covert "Stop!") to control anger arousal; then engage in calm, self-controlled problem solving ("I should call him rather than confront him personally").
- Seek social support. Friends, family members, co-workers, and organized support groups can offer information, assistance, and suggestions for coping with stressful situations.
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Which of the following statements about street-living adolescents in the U.S. is FALSE?
A) Boys are more often robbed and beaten whereas girls are more often sexually assaulted. B) Approximately 95% engage in prostitution or survival sex. C) The mortality rate of street youth is estimated to be 40 times as high as that of at-home youth. D) Approximately two-thirds of homeless youth are clinically depressed.
From the behaviorist point of view, internal states including mental processes were subsumed under the label of intervening variables which were defined as:
A) hypothetical constructs which were critical in determining stimulus-response connections B) hypothetical constructs which played no part in behavior C) hypothetical constructs presumed to represent processes that mediated the effects of stimuli on responses D) concepts "relevant for philosophers, but not scientists" E) none of the above