In proclaiming Jerusalem “the navel of the world,” Pope Urban II asserted that

a) it was at its exact geographic center.
b) it was exceedingly vulnerable.
c) it was the world’s spiritual point of origin.
d) it was unclean

Answer: C

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A convert to a Sufi order was called a fakir

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

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How does Bach make the short text of "Thou Shalt Break Them" into an extended aria?

a) by repeating words several times and writing long melismas on key words b) by using an extended AABA form c) by incorporating an improvised trumpet solo d) by inserting a ritornello between each word

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