A basic need such as food may be used as a ______ reinforcer, whereas a stimulus whose value must be learned is a ______ reinforcer
a. primary; continuous
b. secondary; shaping
c. primary; secondary
d. continuous; secondary
Answer: C
Rationale: Reinforcement may consist of stimuli that are inherently reinforcing, such as food, water, shelter, and sexual contact; on the other hand, many stimuli that we find reinforcing, such as money or grades, are reinforcing only after we first learn that they have value.
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The psychoanalytic theory of human development emphasizes nature (traits evident at birth) over nurture (all the traits that emerge after birth)
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
One way to store more information in short-term memory is called ____________, which involves organizing smaller units of information into larger, more meaningful units
A) rehearsal B) consolidation C) chunking D) dual coding