Children who begin to accurately answer questions about the mental states that others may experience, including desires, deceptions, and beliefs, are said to be acquiring an understanding of

Alex is listening to a lecture on the history of opiate drugs, and he learns something that he finds very surprising. What has he heard the lecturer say?

a. "Heroin is a synthetic opiate made from morphine." b. "Heroin has actually been legally available by prescription in the U.S. for years." c. "Heroin is a synthetic drug that was originally developed as an antidepressant." d. "Heroin is not really an opiate because it is synthetic and does not actually come from poppies."

Suppose a psychologist believes that people are on average actually smarter today then people a couple of generations ago. Which of the following explanations is most likely to be cited for the rise in IQ scores?

A) easier intelligence tests B) the use of culture-free tests C) more experience taking tests D) early childhood educational programs