Joe's grandfather is a strict disciplinarian who often disciplines his grandson, but otherwise he doesn't spend a lot of time with Joe. Joe's grandfather has a(n) __________ style of grandparenting

The Strange Situation measures

A) the quality of attachment. B) Bowlby's phases of attachment. C) infant temperament. D) the stability of attachment.

Independent variable is to subject variable as __________ is to __________

a. manipulated; measured b. varied; held constant c. randomized; controlled d. measured; assigned e. pretested; piloted