In a research study one group of rats heard a tone (CS) that was always followed by a shock (UCS). The second group heard the tone before or after the shock was presented. What are these groups of rats referred to by researchers?

Which child's vision would have most recently matched that of an adult with 20/20 vision?

a. D.J., who is one month old b. Stephanie, who is one year old c. Michelle, who is three years old d. Tanner, who is six years old

Which of the following is a strictly informational social influence explanation for group polarization?

a. social comparison theory b. self- perception theory c. persuasive arguments theory d. affective comparison theory