Prebendalism—a form of clientelism in which political offices and state rents are disbursed to one's clients for their personal benefit—has had all of the following effects EXCEPT

a. it has deepened the country's sectional cleavages.
b. it has eroded the state's resources.
c. it has expanded the class of individuals dependent upon state.
d. it has weakened the power of the president.
e. it has led to rampant corruption.

d