A physician is trying to convince a man that he must give up smoking. The man initially believes that the probability of lung cancer is increased by only 10% if he smokes. Why are decision-making heuristics relevant to this situation?
a. The situation will encourage the conjunction fallacy.
b. The probability of an illusory correlation is increased.
c. Familiarity distorts availability judgments.
d. The man's estimate will be influenced by a low anchor.
Ans: d
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Smetana ( 1989 ) has interviewed parents and adolescents about typical conflicts that occur in
families, such as whether or not an adolescent should clean their room. What has been uncovered using such interview methods? A) Adolescent-parent conflict is more frequent than once thought. B) Adolescent-parent conflict is usually over major issues, such as wishing to change one's religion. C) Adolescents and parents often justify their positions on conflict from different perspectives. D) Adolescent-parent perspective-taking regarding conflict varies considerably across the world.
When capable of concrete operational thought, children __________________________
a. still have great difficulty with seriation tasks, such as arranging items from shortest to longest b. can organize and manipulate information mentally c. can reason about abstractions d. are likely to be misled by appearances