Explain the Sum of Squares? Why is it important?
What will be an ideal response?
The Sum of Squares is the total squared distance of all cases from the mean. The Sum of Squares is used to calculate the variance and standard deviation. The difference between each case (X) and the mean (ยต) needs to be squared in order to make the distance for each case positive. By summing these squared distances, the average distance from the mean can be calculated.
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Which of the following statements is false?
a) Validity refers to the results of a test not the test itself. b) Validity progresses from low to high degrees rather than all or none. c) A test can lack validity and still be a reliable measure. d) A test can lack reliability and still be a valid measure.
Which characteristic of the federal government led to its failures under the Articles of Confederation?
A)weak and purely legislative functions of Congress B)incompetence of the elected leaders C)lack of experience in governing on the part of elected leaders D)decentralized structure of the executive branch