__________ validity is the extent to which a study superficially measures what it is intended to measure

What are the tiny bumps that you can see on your tongue called?

a. papillae b. taste buds c. microvilli d. gustatory sulci

Sam presents a conditioned stimulus alone enough times, without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus, that the conditioned response no longer occurs. Sam is demonstrating

A) reinforcement. B) punishment. C) extinction. D) a novelty preference.