An IOU reflecting the corporation's promise to pay the holder a fixed sum of money at a designated maturity date plus an annual interest payment until maturity is

When the natural unemployment rate increases,

A) both the long-run Phillips curve and the short-run Phillips curve shift leftward. B) there are no shifts of either the long-run Phillips curve or the short-run Phillips curve. C) both the long-run Phillips curve and the short-run Phillips curve shift rightward. D) the long-run Phillips curve shifts leftward, and the short-run Phillips curve shifts rightward. E) the long-run Phillips curve shifts rightward, and the short-run Phillips curve shifts leftward.

If people expect nominal interest rates to be lower in the future, the expected return to bonds ________, and the demand for money ________

A) increases; increases B) increases; decreases C) decreases; increases D) decreases; decreases