Countries with floating exchange rates have certain characteristics. Indicate the one that does not apply to those countries

A leading countercyclical variable ________

A) reaches a peak before the peak of the business cycle B) reaches a trough before the peak of the business cycle C) reaches a trough along with the trough of a business cycle D) all of the above E) none of the above

What would not be held constant in testing a theory that if a student studies harder, he will get a better grade? a. The course being taken

b. The ability and effort of the other students in the class. c. The grading scale in the course. d. The number of hours the student spends studying.