"Crowding out" occurs as an expansionary fiscal policy __________ interest rates, thus __________ investment spending

Which of the following is not, in general, an aspect of inflation targeting?

A) institutional commitment to a dual mandate B) the public announcement of medium-term numerical inflation targets C) increased accountability of the central bank D) increased transparency of monetary policy

Variable cost divided by the change in quantity produced is

a. average variable cost. b. marginal cost. c. average total cost. d. None of the above is correct.