The person feels shame or guilt while committing the act.

John has reached formal operations. John's unique new talent is that he now can:

a) act more assertively in his life and in school. b) debate the merits of positions even if he is opposed to those ideas. c) read complex novels and do math problems much faster than before. d) get along with people better.

In the Lamaze method, the primary purpose of controlled breathing and relaxation techniques is to

A) decrease the pain of the mother's contractions. B) enhance the bond between mother and partner. C) make the birth process less traumatic for the fetus. D) enhance the effectiveness of epidural anesthesia.