According to your text, the U.S. educational system freqently

a. pressures immigrant children to develop their English skills, and it does not emphasize the value of children retaining their first language.
b. values children who retain fluency in a first language such as Vietnamese, Portuguese, or Arabic.
c. makes great efforts to encourage simultaneous bilingualism.
d. believes that a student's attitude toward people who speak a foreign language is much more important than his or her skill in speaking that language.

Ans: a