Who do we not include in the “civilian labor force” for our unemployment calculation?

In the above figure, suppose the demand for dollars temporarily increases so that the demand curve shifts to D1. To maintain the target exchange rate, the Fed

A) can sell dollars. B) can buy dollars. C) must violate interest rate parity but not purchasing power parity. D) cannot maintain the target exchange rate.

Policies to promote growth by increasing saving and investment work through

A) increasing the supply of loanable funds, lowering the interest rate, raising the level of investment in physical capital. B) increasing the supply of loanable funds, lowering the interest rate, lowering the level of investment in physical capital. C) increasing the supply of loanable funds, increasing the interest rate, raising the level of investment in physical capital. D) decreasing the supply of loanable funds, lowering the interest rate, raising the level of investment in physical capital.