The PEST factors, combined with external micro-environmental factors and internal drivers, can be classified as opportunities and threats in a blank.

Which of the following is a "guns or butter" decision?

(A) A school has to decide whether to build a new gym or renovate the auditorium. (B) A man must decide whether to install an alarm system in his house or buy new furniture for the living room. (C) A woman has to decide whether to replace her old car with a new sports car or a family sedan. (D) A country must decide whether to use its steel to build new fighter jets or new sports cars.

In response to the threat of budget cuts, the Connecticut State Department of Recreation proposed shutting down many state parks and beaches. This is a good example of

a. cost efficiency in bureaus b. Niskanen's theory of budget-maximizing bureaus c. the median-voter model d. logrolling e. direct democracy