At what age will a child begin to mentally represent objects?

Solomon Asch set up an experiment in which eight people were shown a 10-inch line, and they had to choose the line (from a group of three) that matched the original line in length. Through this experiment, Asch was studying:

a. bystander apathy. b. social loafing. c. groupthink. d. conformity.

In factorial experiments, researchers can't make cause-effect conclusions for

a. ethical reasons. b. studies using animal subjects. c. subject variables. d. well-designed studies.