Cailee and Rick's parents take them to church every week. What type of influence on personality is being exhibited?

Emily has noticed a few small skin bruises and some minor muscle cramps over the last few weeks. Her physician says that while her symptoms are real, they reflect no serious illness. Emily refuses to believe him

She is convinced they are the first indications of terminal cancer, and proceeds to visit one physician after another trying to find one who will agree with her. Emily's behavior is typical of ________. a. an affective disorder b. illness anxiety disorder c. a personality disorder d. a conversion disorder

Suppose a professor is discussing a personality test that was designed to test optimism. She says that the test has high validity. From this statement, you know that

a. people who get a low score one week are likely to get a high score the next week. b. there are significant gender differences on this test. c. individual differences in optimism can be explained by factors such as hormones and brain structures. d. the test predicts how optimistic people are, using some other measure of optimism.