Which statement accurately describes the conclusions psychologists have drawn about the effects of subliminal messages on behavior?
a. Subliminal messages have no effect whatsoever.
b. Research shows subliminal messages might have mild effects on behavior and thinking.
c. Research shows that subliminal ads are powerful.
d. Psychologists have not yet conducted studies to form an answer.
Answer: B
Rationale: One study showed that flashing the word thirsty on the screen resulted in increased fluid intake.
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Ann constantly complains of a large number of physical symptoms that don't center around a particular ailment. After finding no medical explanation for her symptoms, a physician suspects Ann suffers from
a) panic disorder. b) hypochondriasis. c) conversion disorder. d) somatization disorder.
Suppose a researcher finds that teens who smoke have fewer friends. What can we conclude about cause and effect?
A) Other teens reject those who smoke. B) Having fewer friends makes you nervous, and smoking calms you down. C) Teens with a nervous temperament put others off and are also more likely to smoke. D) Finding a correlation between smoking and having fewer friends does not let us conclude anything about cause and effect.