Art argues that the intense ideological competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for most of the Cold War never turned into a direct war between the two primarily because of what factor?
a. the restraining effects of nuclear deterrence
b. the rough parity in conventional armed forces
c. the inability to know the reaction of satellite states
d. the economic interconnectedness between the two powers
e. the belief that more could be gained, both territorially and economically, from proxy wars rather than direct armed conflict
Answer: a
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An important reason for the increased popularity of factorial designs in psychological research is that
A) factorials are much less expensive to conduct. B) factorial designs are easier to conceptualize than single-variable designs. C) factorials come closer than do single-variable designs to the way behavior in natural environments is determined (i.e., influenced by multiple factors). D) factorials require the use of many fewer participants than do single-variable designs.
The “disadvantage theory” is the idea that
a. interest groups rarely represent disadvantaged citizens. b. interest groups without enough resources use litigation as an influence strategy resort to lobbying Congress to advocate policy changes. c. interest groups who are at a disadvantage in terms of being able to influence Congress are the groups most likely to resort to litigation as a strategy. d. influential interest groups put unorganized citizens at a political disadvantage.