Name the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response in these two situations:
1. Five-year-old Emily is watching a storm from her window. A huge bolt of lightning is followed by a tremendous thunderclap, and Emily jumps at the noise. This happens several more times. There is a brief lull and then another lightning bolt. Emily jumps in response to the bolt.
2. Gregory's mouth waters whenever he eats anything with lemon in it. One day, while reading an ad that shows a big glass of lemonade, Gregory finds that his mouth has started to water.
What will be an ideal response?
1. US = the thunderclap; UR = jumping elicited by the noise; CS = the sight of the lightning; CR = jumping elicited by the lightning
2. US = the taste of lemon; UR = salivation elicited by the taste of lemon; CS = the picture of a glass of lemonade; CR = salivation elicited by the picture
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In ancient Greece, the agora was the area outside of town where the population was sparse and the main occupation was agriculture
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
The sensory abilities of newborn infants:
a. do not allow them to distinguish contrasts, shadows, or edges. b. include the ability to see and hear, but not to discriminate tastes and smells. c. include visual abilities that are much like that of an adult. d. include the ability to discriminate smells, tastes, and sounds almost immediately.