Explain when and why you might employ a census instead of sampling

What will be an ideal response?

Ans: A good answer will draw on information in the following table:
Census
Advantages of taking a census Since sampling is not done, there is no sampling error.
Information may be collected on all members of the target population, including small subgroups.
Depending on the amount of nonresponse, true representation of the target population may be obtained
Disadvantages of taking a census:
Data collection, processing, and analysis may be too time-consuming.
It may be too costly in terms of personnel and money.
Sampling
Advantages of sampling Data collection, processing, and analysis are not as time-consuming as taking a census.
It requires fewer personnel and less money.
Depending on sample design, one may be able to accurately estimate population parameters.
It may be possible to spend more resources on quality control, minimizing bias.
Disadvantages of sampling:
Sampling error will exist; how much depends on the sample design.
Small subgroups may not be represented in the sample in sufficient numbers for small-group analyses.
Sampling may not be feasible, ethical, or legal.
Members of the target population not selected may feel their opinions are not valued.