An adverse supply shock causes the short-run aggregate supply curve to shift left, increasing the price level

Walmart wants to raise $250 million to finance the renovation of their retail stores, and the company wishes to raise the funds through indirect finance. Which of the following methods could it use?

A) It could issue $250 million in stock. B) It could sell $250 million in bonds. C) It could borrow $250 million from a bank. D) It could choose either A or B.

What costs associated with the new miles-per-gallon requirements arise from decisions made in self-interest and in the social interest?

What will be an ideal response?