The fact that many inputs are fixed in the short run but variable in the long run has little impact on the firm's cost curves

For a privately owned business in a competitive market setting,

a. reducing resource use while producing the same output adds to profit and typically reduces waste products and thus cuts pollution as well. b. when property rights are well-defined and strictly enforced, the firm will be able to pollute air and water without having to bear the cost of the damages imposed on others. c. wasteful use of resources results in more pollution but greater profit. d. reducing pollution almost never pays.

Related to the Economics in Practice on page 302: A pair of shoes at a local department store has a marked retail price of $80. These shoes are on a sale table where all items are priced at 25 percent off the retail price. The store is also having a promotion of an additional 25 percent off all sale-priced shoes. Based on these stackable discounts, what is the actual selling price of these shoes?

A. $25 B. $40 C. $45 D. $60