During the training of the "sniffer" dogs who locate drugs, the dogs are reinforced only for approaching containers baited with drugs. This training illustrates the use of

James has decided that he is going to pull an "all-nighter" to study for his physics final examination tomorrow. In psychology terms, he is planning to engage in _____ practice

Fill in the blank with correct word

Attitudes that form merely by observing the emotional responses of others illustrate the

process of __________ classical conditioning. a. vicarious b. direct c. implicit d. explicit e. second-order