President Bush's creation of the Department of Homeland Security is an example of the president's power to
a. initiate diplomacy.
b. reorganize the executive bureaucracy.
c. coordinate and centralize decision making.
d. override decisions made by Congress.
e. act as commander in chief.
B
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Party machines—centralized party organizations at the local level that dominated politics by controlling local elections—declined because
a. they could not provide needed services to the urban community. b. many of their activities were illegal. c. they were never effective at controlling local elections. d. they became increasingly corrupt and unable to deliver on promises e. government began to provide the social services that had been the basis of popular loyalty and support for the machines.
The Supreme Court has used what test(s) to judge cases alleging violation of the establishment clause?
A. whether the primary purpose of the law is secular B. whether the primary effect of the law is to benefit religion C. whether the law involves excessive entanglement of government with religious institutions D. all of the above E. none of the above